Definition
What ASCII-only conversion means, precisely
ASCII defines 128 codepoints: the basic Latin letters, digits, standard punctuation, and a small number of control characters, standardised decades before Unicode existed. Converting text to ASCII-only means every codepoint outside that set is stripped or replaced so the remaining text fits entirely within it.
Unicode, the encoding underlying nearly all contemporary text, defines well over one hundred thousand characters across every written script, plus symbols and emoji, of which ASCII is a small, early subset. Conversion to ASCII is lossy by construction: information is discarded, not merely reformatted, and the operation is not reversible.